Francisco de Goya

Barbarians! (Bárbaros!)

Clasificación
Barbarians! (Bárbaros!)
Datos Generales
Cronología
Ca. 1812 - 1815
Dimensiones
155 x 208 mm
Técnica y soporte
Aguafuerte, aguatinta bruñida, buril y bruñidor
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Undisputed work
Ficha: realización/revisión
08 Dec 2010 / 31 May 2023
Inventario
225
Historia

See Sad presentiments of what must come to pass (Tristes presentimientos de lo que ha de acontecer).

The title of this print was handwritten by Goya and was printed without modification to the plate in the first edition of the series produced by the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid in 1863.

There is a surviving preparatory drawing for this print which is housed in the Prado Museum.

Análisis artístico

Two armed Napoleonic soldiers prepare to shoot a man who has been tied to the trunk of a tree, his back to the viewer: a typical method of executing traitors. In the middle ground, in the lower section of the composition, the rest of the detail observes the scene taking place.

In Barbarians! Goya revisits the theme of execution by firearm already dealt with in other prints in the series such as no. 15, And it can't be helped (Y no hai remedio) and no. 26, One cannot look at this (No se puede mirar). However, in this work he includes a variation, since he not only depicts the barrels of the guns but also the executioners. In this case the artist takes up a clear position against this type of act, censuring it openly in the print's title. Perhaps the cruelty of the scene is heightened in comparison to other works in the series by the fact that the soldiers are punishing a member of their own army, shooting him in the back.

The light is focused on the central section of the print in an effect that reveals ample use of aquatint, while the rest of the composition is lit by a kind of mist that indicates that the scene is taking place at dawn or dusk. The artist offers the viewer a close-up of the figures, making it possible to capture every detail of the event depicted.

Conservación

The plate is stored in the National Chalcography (cat. 289).

Exposiciones
  • Goya and his times
    The Royal Academy of Arts
    London
    1963
    cat. 66
  • De grafiek van Goya
    Rijksmuseum Rijksprentenkabinet
    Amsterdam
    1970
    from November 13th 1970 to January 17th 1971
  • Francisco de Goya: Maleri, Tegning, Grafikk
    Nasjonalgalleriet
    Oslo
    1996
    from 10th to April 14th 1996
  • Francisco de Goya
    Museo d'Arte Moderna
    Lugano
    1996
    exhibition celebrated from September 22nd to November 17th.
  • Francisco Goya. Sein leben im spiegel der graphik. Fuendetodos 1746-1828 Bordeaux. 1746-1996
    Galerie Kornfeld
    Bern
    1996
    from November 21st 1996 to January 1997
  • Francisco Goya. Capricci, follie e disastri della guerra
    San Donato Milanese
    2000
    Opere grafiche della Fondazione Antonio Mazzotta
  • Goya. Opera grafica
    Pinacoteca del Castello di San Giorgio
    Legnano
    2006
    exhibition celebrated from December 16th 2006 to April 1st 2007
  • Goya en tiempos de guerra
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    2008
    consultant editor Manuela B. Mena Marqués, from April 14th to July 13th 2008
  • Goya et la modernité
    Pinacothèque de Paris
    París
    2013
    from October 11st 2013 to March 16th 2014
Bibliografía
  • BERUETE Y MONET, Aureliano de
    Goya, grabador
    MadridBlass S.A.
    1918
    cat. 140
  • HARRIS, Tomás
    Goya engravings and lithographs, vol. I y II.
    OxfordBruno Cassirer
    1964
    cat. 158
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    cat. 1053
  • PAZ, Alfredo de
    Goya. Arte e condizione umana
    NaplesLiguori editore
    1990
    lam. 195
  • SANTIAGO, Elena M. (coordinadora)
    Catálogo de las estampas de Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    MadridMinisterio de Educación y Cultura, Biblioteca Nacional
    1996
    cat. 243
  • BLAS BENITO, Javier and MATILLA, José Manuel
    El Libro de los Desastres de la Guerra
    MadridMuseo del Prado
    2000
    II, pp. 78-80
  • OROPESA, Marisa and RINCÓN GARCÍA, Wilfredo
    ParísPinacoteca de París
    2013
    p. 138
  • WILSON BAREAU, Juliet
    Goya. In the Norton Simon Museum
    PasadenaNorton Simon Museum
    2016
    pp. 114-151
Enlaces externos
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