Francisco de Goya

Datos Generales
Cronología
1815 - 1819
Dimensiones
246 x 358 mm
Técnica y soporte
Etching and burnished aquatint
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Documented work
Ficha: realización/revisión
22 Aug 2021 / 05 Jun 2023
Inventario
-
Historia

See Femenine folly.

There is a state test with a legend that says Loyalty.

Análisis artístico

The centre of the composition is occupied by a repulsive and unpleasant figure, in a beatific pose with his hands clasped, his head swollen and sitting on a chair with his bare feet. Around him, to the right and left, a group of figures mock him. Only a small dog stands faithfully at his feet. In the background, to the right, a figure on horseback watches the mockery in the half-light.

The ugly and nauseating protagonist seems to be aware of his appearance, as he remains impassive in the face of the attack he is suffering, unable to defend himself. Goya probably intended to ridicule those who remain entrenched and immobile in their own convictions, closing their eyes to reality, not noticing how they are mocked, and criticising the hypocrisy of those who believe they are their loyal servants. It is also conjectured that the protagonist was ill, because a figure in the group on the left points a large syringe at him, making the picture a criticism of doctors, as Goya's lack of sympathy for doctors is well known.

The print is characterised by the use of a two-tone aquatint: a medium tone for the figures and the ground, and a darker tone for the background.

The preparatory drawing for the present print, also entitled Loyalty, has survived.

Exposiciones
  • Goya
    Musée Jacquemart-André
    París
    1961
    consultant editor Jean-Gabriel Domergue. From December 1961 to February 1962
  • Etchings by Francosco Goya
    Johannesburgo
    Johannesburgo
    1974
  • Boston
    1974
  • 1976
  •  Grabados de Goya: colección propiedad de la Biblioteca Nacional, que se conserva en su Gabinete de
    Casa de la Amistad de Moscú
    Moscow
    1979
    exhibition displayed from January 18th to 31st 1979
  • Goya. Das Zeitalter der Revolucionen. Kunst um 1800 (1980 – 1981)
    Hamburger Kunsthalle
    Hamburg
    1980
  • Goya y el espíritu de la Ilustración
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    1988
    from October 6th to December 18th 1988. Exhibited also at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, January 18th to March 26th 1989; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Nueva York, May 9th to July 16th 1989, Madrid curator Manuela B. Mena Marqués, scientific directors Alfonso E. Pérez Sánchez and Eleanor A. Sayre
  • Francisco Goya. Sein leben im spiegel der graphik. Fuendetodos 1746-1828 Bordeaux. 1746-1996
    Galerie Kornfeld
    Bern
    1996
    from November 21st 1996 to January 1997
  • Goya. 250 Aniversario
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    1996
    consultant editor Juan J. Luna. From March 29th to June 2nd 1996
  • Goya grabador
    Museo del Grabado Español Contemporáneo
    Marbella
    1996
    from March 8th to May 5th 1996
  • Zaragoza
    1996
  • London
    1997
  • 1999
  • Madrid
    1999
  • Schlaf der Vernunft. Original radierungen von Francisco de Goya
    Munich
    2000
  • Bilbao
    2012
  • Goya et la modernité
    Pinacothèque de Paris
    París
    2013
    from October 11st 2013 to March 16th 2014
Bibliografía
  • HARRIS, Tomás
    OxfordBruno Cassirer
    1964
    p. 400, cat. 264
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    p. 326, cat. 1598
  • SANTIAGO, Elena M. (coordinadora)
    Catálogo de las estampas de Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    MadridMinisterio de Educación y Cultura, Biblioteca Nacional
    1996
    p. 245, cat. 394
  • CARRETE, Juan, MATILLA, José Manuel, AULLÓN DE HARO, Pedro, BOZAL, Valeriano, GLENDINNING, Nigel, VEGA, Jesusa y BLAS, Javier
    MadridReal Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando y Calcografía Nacional
    1996
    p. 111, cat. 37
  • MATILLA, José Manuel
    Roma Edizioni de Luca
    2000
    pp. 142-143, cat. 49
  • OROPESA, Marisa and RINCÓN GARCÍA, Wilfredo
    ParísPinacoteca de París
    2013
    p. 275
  • WILSON BAREAU, Juliet
    Goya. In the Norton Simon Museum
    PasadenaNorton Simon Museum
    2016
    pp. 204-211
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