Francisco de Goya

Who else has given up?

Clasificación
Who else has given up?
Datos Generales
Cronología
Ca. 1797 - 1799
Dimensiones
198 x 151 mm
Técnica y soporte
Aguafuerte, aguatinta y punta seca
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Undisputed work
Ficha: realización/revisión
02 Dec 2010 / 29 May 2024
Inventario
225
Inscripciones

Who else has given up? (at the bottom)

 27. (in the upper right-hand corner)

Historia

See Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, Painter.

Of the three known proofs of status, one has the definitive title in manuscript, although an exclamation mark appears in place of the question mark. It also has a circular sign indicating that it should be copied in larger type. This proof is in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris.

Three preparatory drawings for this engraving are preserved (1), (2) and (3).

Análisis artístico

In the centre of the scene, a maja dressed in a mantilla and black frilly skirt is being courted by a knight with a sword at his belt and a hat in his hand. In the background, two other young women observe the situation and next to them a celestina whispers with a man. Next to the couple, in the foreground, some small dogs parody their courtship. The figures are set against an almost abstract background, as the buildings that were present in the preparatory drawing for the print, Dream No. 18, Ancient and Modern, Origin of Pride, have disappeared.

In Ayala's manuscript it is stated that this engraving is of the Duchess of Alba and Goya, while the Prado Museum manuscript states: "Neither one nor the other. He is a charlatan of love who says the same thing to everyone, and she is thinking of evacuating 5 appointments that she has given between 8 and 9 and it is 7 1/2 o'clock". Finally, reference should be made to the manuscript in the Biblioteca Nacional, which states that "a casquivano, when he solicits a woman, makes the same grimaces and cajoleries with her as a lapdog (Duchess of Alba and Goya)".

It is likely that this picture is an ironic way of depicting relations between men and women. In any case, it is difficult to admit that the painter was referring to his possible relationship with the Duchess of Alba, as most of the prints in the series of The Caprices show a marked tendency towards abstraction that gives the themes a clear universality.

Conservación

The plate is preserved in the National Chalcography (no 198.)

Exposiciones
  • Goya. Gemälde Zeichnungen. Graphik. Tapisserien
    Kunsthalle Basel
    Basle
    1953
    from January 23th to April 12th 1953
  • De grafiek van Goya
    Rijksmuseum Rijksprentenkabinet
    Amsterdam
    1970
    from November 13th 1970 to January 17th 1971
  • Goya. La década de Los Caprichos
    Madrid
    1992
    organized by Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando sponsored by Fundación Central Hispano, Madrid, consultant editor Nigel Glendinnig. From October 26th 1992 to January 10th 1993
  • Francisco de Goya
    Museo d'Arte Moderna
    Lugano
    1996
    exhibition celebrated from September 22nd to November 17th.
  • Ydioma universal: Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    Biblioteca Nacional
    Madrid
    1996
    from September 19th to December 15th 1996
  • Francisco Goya. Sein leben im spiegel der graphik. Fuendetodos 1746-1828 Bordeaux. 1746-1996
    Galerie Kornfeld
    Bern
    1996
    from November 21st 1996 to January 1997
  • Goya artista de su tiempo y Goya artista único
    The National Museum of Western Art
    Tokyo
    1999
    from December 1st to July 3th 1999
  • Goya's Realism
    Statens Museum for Kunst
    Copenhagen
    2000
    from February 11th to May 7th 2000
  • Francisco Goya. Capricci, follie e disastri della guerra
    San Donato Milanese
    2000
    Opere grafiche della Fondazione Antonio Mazzotta
  • Goya e la tradizione italiana
    Fondazione Magnani Rocca
    Mamiano di Traversetolo (Parma)
    2006
    consultant editors Fred Licht and Simona Tosini Pizzetti. From September 9th to December 3th 2006
  • Goya. Opera grafica
    Pinacoteca del Castello di San Giorgio
    Legnano
    2006
    exhibition celebrated from December 16th 2006 to April 1st 2007
  • Goya et la modernité
    Pinacothèque de Paris
    París
    2013
    from October 11st 2013 to March 16th 2014
  • Madrid
    2017
  • Hamburg
    2019
  • Expérience Goya
    Lille
    2021
  • 2022
Bibliografía
  • HARRIS, Tomás
    Goya engravings and lithographs, vol. I y II.
    OxfordBruno Cassirer
    1964
    p.97, cat. 62
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    p.179, cat. 504
  • WILSON BAREAU, Juliet
    Goya, la década de los caprichos: dibujos y aguafuertes
    MadridReal Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
    1992
    pp.113-117, cat. 65-68
  • SANTIAGO, Elena M. (coordinadora)
    Catálogo de las estampas de Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    MadridMinisterio de Educación y Cultura, Biblioteca Nacional
    1996
    p.88, cat. 116
  • BLAS BENITO, Javier, MATILLA RODRÍGUEZ, José Manuel y MEDRANO, José Miguel
    El libro de los caprichos: dos siglos de interpretaciones (1799-1999). Catálogo de los dibujos, pruebas de estado, láminas de cobre y estampas de la primera edición
    MadridMuseo Nacional del Prado
    1999
    pp.172-175
  • OROPESA, Marisa and RINCÓN GARCÍA, Wilfredo
    ParísPinacoteca de París
    2013
    p. 255
  • WILSON BAREAU, Juliet
    Goya. In the Norton Simon Museum
    PasadenaNorton Simon Museum
    2016
    pp. 42-75
  • CALVO RUATA, José Ignacio, BORRÁS GUALIS, Gonzalo M. and MARTÍNEZ HERRANZ, Amparo
    ZaragozaGobierno de Aragón y Fundación Bancaria Ibercaja
    2017
    p. 269
  • TACK, Ifee and PISOT, Sandra
    HamburgHirmer
    2019
    p. 251
  • COTENTIN, Régis
    Expérience Goya (cat. expo)
    LilleRéunion des Musées Nationaux
    2021
    p. 92
  • TORAL OROPESA, María and MARTÍN MEDINA, Víctor
    Museo de Bellas Artes de Badajoz y Diputación de Badajoz
    2022
    p. 39
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