Francisco de Goya

Second of May 1808 (El dos de mayo de 1808) (sketch 1)

Second of May 1808 (El dos de mayo de 1808) (sketch 1)
Datos Generales
Cronología
Ca. 1814
Ubicación
Museo Goya. Colección Ibercaja, Zaragoza, Spain
Dimensiones
24 x 32 cm
Técnica y soporte
Oil on paper laid down on panel
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Documented work
Titular
Ibercaja Collection
Ficha: realización/revisión
17 Mar 2010 / 14 Jun 2023
Inventario
(1174)
Inscripciones

Goya (ángulo inferior izquierdo).

Historia

This is a sketch for the painting Second of May 1808. It has been known about since Yriarte mentioned it in his book on Goya. There is also a second surviving sketch for the same painting.

The work belonged to Valentín Carderera from Huesca, as indicated in the inventory of paintings in his collection, which mentions this original sketch by Goya in a gilded frame, valued at 1,200 reales de vellón (copper reales). On his death in 1880, it moved to the collection of the Duke and Duchess of Villahermosa, having first been installed in the Villahermosa Palace in Madrid and later in the Ducal Palace at Pedrola in Zaragoza. In March 1996 it was acquired for the Ibercaja Collection along with Masked Dance.

Análisis artístico

In this first sketch Goya focused on the figures in the foreground, leaving those of the middle ground and the buildings in the background very roughly sketched and in the shadows. The outlines are created with strong black marks, and the colours used are vivid, less toned down than in the definitive work. Some of the hues used here are also different. The blue trousers of the Valencian figure who leaps at the enemy's horse on the left-hand side of the composition is swapped for the white of the sash in the final version, making it less striking. The change means that the painter makes the red of the Mameluke's trousers the focus of the viewer's attention.

There are other alterations, such as the position of the head of the dead soldier on the left, which is portrayed in a much more gruesome way in the canvas, since he no longer wears a hat, and is placed with his face towards us so that we can see his lifeless face and his slit throat. The other changes made favour the realism and the stark brutality of the scene, meaning that the final piece is an impressive, shocking testimony, the poses and gestures of the figures made more furious and threatening.

The support is unusual, a way round the scarcity of materials - and in particular, canvas - suffered by the artist during the war years. Eighteen works on panel by Goya are preserved from this period, and some of these have been found to have underlying paintings. Goya also had to reuse canvasses to get by, as revealed by x-rays carried out of some pieces.

Exposiciones
  • Goya 1900
    Ministerio de Instrucción Pública and Bellas Artes
    Madrid
    1900
    consultant editors Aureliano de Beruete, Alejandro Ferrant, Marqués de Pidal and Ricardo Velázquez. May 1900
  • Austellung. Francisco de Goya
    Galería Paul Cassirer
    Berlin
    1907
  • Pinturas de Goya
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    1928
    consultant editor Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor. From Apri to -May 1928
  • Exposición de bocetos para pinturas y esculturas (Siglos XVI-XIX)
    Sociedad Española de Amigos del Arte
    Madrid
    1949
  • Goya
    Festival Internacional de Granada, Palacio de Carlos V
    Granada
    1955
    consultant editor Enrique Lafuente Ferrari
  • Francisco de Goya. IV Centenario de la capitalidad
    organized by Ayuntamiento de Madrid and Dirección General de Bellas Artes at the Casón del Buen Retiro
    Madrid
    1961
    consultant editor Valentín de Sambricio
  • Goya
    Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis
    The Hauge
    1970
    organized by Ministerio de Estado y Asuntos Culturales and Réunion des Musées Nationaux, July 4th to September 13th 1970. Exhibited also at the Musée de l’Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, October 25th to December 7th 1970, consultant editors Jeannine Baticle and A. B. de Vries
  • Goya en las colecciones madrileñas
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    1983
    consultant editor Enrique Lafuente Ferrari. From April 19th to June 20th 1983
  • Goya
    Koninklijke Musea Voor Schone Kunsten Van België
    Brussels
    1985
    consultant editor Luis González Seara. From October 26th to December 22nd 1985
  • Realidad e imagen. Goya 1746 – 1828
    Museo de Zaragoza
    Zaragoza
    1996
    consultant editor Federico Torralba Soriano. From October 3th to December 1st 1996
  • De Goya al cambio de siglo (1800-1920). Pintura española y europea en la Colección Ibercaja
    Museu d’Art Jaume Morera
    Lérida
    2001
    organized by Obra social y cultural de Ibercaja at the following venues: Museo de Belas Artes da Coruña, A Coruña; Museo de Teruel; Museo de Huesca, Sala Amós Salvador de Logroño and Museo de Guadalajara, September 6th 2001 to March 10th 2002, consultant editor Ricardo Centellas Salamero.
  • Goya e il Mondo Moderno
    Palazzo Reale
    Milan
    2010
    organized by SEACEX, Palazzo Reale and Fundación Goya en Aragón, consultant editors Valeriano Bozal and Concepción Lomba Serrano. From March 17th to June 27th 2010
Bibliografía
  • YRIARTE, Charles
    Goya, sa vie, son œuvre
    ParísHenri Plon
    1867
    pp. 87, 136
  • DESPARMET FITZ - GERALD, Xavier
    L'œuvre peint de Goya. 4 vols
    París
    1928-1950
    vol. I, p. 252, cat. 224
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    pp. 257, 267, cat. 983
  • GUDIOL RICART, José
    BarcelonaPolígrafa
    1970
    vol. I, p. 359, cat. 621
  • ANGELIS, Rita de
    L’opera pittorica completa di Goya
    MilanRizzoli
    1974
    p. 127, cat. 563
  • CAMÓN AZNAR, José
    Francisco de Goya, 4 vols.
    ZaragozaCaja de Ahorros de Zaragoza, Aragón y Rioja
    1980-1982
    vol. IV, p. 19
  • ANSÓN NAVARRO, Arturo
    Un boceto poco conocido de Goya, preparatorio para El dos de mayo de 1808 en Madrid
    Goya
    Madrid
    1998
  • CENTELLAS, Ricardo
    De Goya al cambio de siglo (1800-1920) : pintura española y europea en la Colección Ibercaja
    LéridaIbercaja
    2001
    p. 46, cat. 2 y pp. 48-49 (il.)
Ficha en SAAC

Los Sistemas Aumentativos y Alternativos de Comunicación (SAAC) son formas de expresión distintas al lenguaje hablado, que tienen como objetivo aumentar (aumentativos) y/o compensar (alternativos) las dificultades de comunicación y lenguaje de muchas personas con discapacidad. Más info: Arasaac

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