Francisco de Goya

Or these (Ni por esas)

Clasificación
Or these (Ni por esas)
Datos Generales
Cronología
Ca. 1810 - 1815
Dimensiones
161 x 211 mm
Técnica y soporte
Etching, lavis, drypoint and burin
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Undisputed work
Ficha: realización/revisión
29 Nov 2010 / 02 Jun 2023
Inventario
225
Inscripciones

Goya (lower left-hand corner), 18 (lower left-hand corner).

Historia

See Sad presentiments of what must come to pass.

There exist several state proofs of this etching. In the first of these, Goya uses drypoint on the left leg of the woman in the foreground and some retouching has been done with the burin on the trousers worn by the soldier on the left. In the second state proof he extends the lavis work right out to the edges of the plate. In the third, the number of the plate, 18, is added. And in the last state proof, the definitive number, 11, is added, and the lavis work around the edges is removed.

The title was handwritten by Goya on the first and only print run that we know to have been made at the time, and which the painter gave to his friend Agustín Ceán Bermúdez. The title was engraved on to the copperplate at a later date, and no other modifications were made to the image for the first edition of the Disasters of War, which was printed by the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, Madrid, in 1863.

There is a preparatory drawing in the Prado Museum

Análisis artístico

Under a bridge, a French soldier, seen in profile, has seized a woman by the arms and is forcefully pulling her along. Next to her, on the ground, a naked baby is crying helplessly. In the middle ground another woman is being violently attacked by a second French soldier, his back turned to the viewer. In the background, through the arch, we can see a church, providing us with more context than is available in many of the other prints in the series. In the lower right-hand corner of the image Goya has depicted a figure, most likely a man, crouching down on the ground. Probably a relative of one of the women, this person is about to bear witness to the scene of rape that will surely follow these women's capture.

Or these continues the depiction of violence against women that Goya began in etchings no. 9, They do not want to and no. 10, Not in this case either. In each of these images the artist draws our attention to the bravery and courage of the women in resisting the assaults of the French soldiers. They do not form a narrative but rather show three isolated incidents, similar in nature and linked by a shared analogy. It is impossible to imagine a happy ending to these scenes, in which brute strength imposes itself inexorably.

This particular print is darker than many others in the Disasters of War series. Goya is clearly alluding to the fact that the scene is taking place in a remote spot, where the women have no hope of being rescued. Closing off the space is an archway that recalls the architectural structure in the artist's painting Interior of a Prision. In this shadowy setting, the whiteness of the soldier's dress coat, the woman's clothes, the body of the child and the face of the female figure in the middle ground make these elements stand out sharply.

The image of a child crying inconsolably, separated from its mother, was also represented by Goya in the painting Scene of Kidnapping and Murder, in which we see a bandit seizing a woman by the arms, just as occurs here in Or these.

Other etchings in which Goya addresses the role of women in war are no. 4, The women give courage, nº 7, What courage!, nº 9, They do not want to, nº 13, Bitter presence, nº 19, There is no more time and nº 31, That's tough!.

Conservación

The etching plate is conserved in the National Chalcography Museum (cat. 262).

Exposiciones
  • Goya and his times
    The Royal Academy of Arts
    London
    1963
    cat. 66
  • Goya. Das Zeitalter der Revolucionen. Kunst um 1800 (1980 – 1981)
    Hamburger Kunsthalle
    Hamburg
    1980
  • Francisco de Goya
    Museo d'Arte Moderna
    Lugano
    1996
    exhibition celebrated from September 22nd to November 17th.
  • Francisco Goya. Sein leben im spiegel der graphik. Fuendetodos 1746-1828 Bordeaux. 1746-1996
    Galerie Kornfeld
    Bern
    1996
    from November 21st 1996 to January 1997
  • Ydioma universal: Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    Biblioteca Nacional
    Madrid
    1996
    from September 19th to December 15th 1996
  • Francisco Goya. Capricci, follie e disastri della guerra
    San Donato Milanese
    2000
    Opere grafiche della Fondazione Antonio Mazzotta
  • Goya. La imagen de la mujer
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    2001
    from October 30th 2001 to February 10th 2002. Exhibitied also at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, March 10th to June 2nd 2002, consultant editor Francisco Calvo Serraller
  • Goya. Opera grafica
    Pinacoteca del Castello di San Giorgio
    Legnano
    2006
    exhibition celebrated from December 16th 2006 to April 1st 2007
  • Goya en tiempos de guerra
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    2008
    consultant editor Manuela B. Mena Marqués, from April 14th to July 13th 2008
  • Goya luces y sombras
    CaixaForum
    Barcelona
    2012
    consultant editors José Manuel Matilla and Manuela B. Marqués. From March 16th to June 24th 2012
  • Goya et la modernité
    Pinacothèque de Paris
    París
    2013
    from October 11st 2013 to March 16th 2014
  • 2022
Bibliografía
  • BERUETE Y MONET, Aureliano de
    Goya, grabador
    MadridBlass S.A.
    1918
    cat. 113
  • HARRIS, Tomás
    Goya engravings and lithographs, vol. I y II.
    OxfordBruno Cassirer
    1964
    cat. 131
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    cat. 1007
  • SANTIAGO, Elena M. (coordinadora)
    Catálogo de las estampas de Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    MadridMinisterio de Educación y Cultura, Biblioteca Nacional
    1996
    cat. 199
  • OROPESA, Marisa and RINCÓN GARCÍA, Wilfredo
    ParísPinacoteca de París
    2013
    p.125
  • TORAL OROPESA, María and MARTÍN MEDINA, Víctor
    Museo de Bellas Artes de Badajoz y Diputación de Badajoz
    2022
    p. 58
  • WILSON BAREAU, Juliet
    Goya. In the Norton Simon Museum
    PasadenaNorton Simon Museum
    2016
Enlaces externos
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